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| 1910 |
| | | US geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan establishes the chromosome theory of heredity through his study of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster | |
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| 1914 |
| | | Martha, 29 years old and the last passenger pigeon in the world, dies in the Cincinnati zoo in Ohio | |
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| 1922 |
| | | Canadian physiologists Frederick Banting and Charles Best isolate insulin from the pancreas for the treatment of diabetes | |
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| 1925 |
| | | Biology teacher John Scopes is prosecuted for breaking state law by teaching evolution to his class of children in Dayton, Tennessee | |
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| 1927 |
| | | Austrian zoologist Karl von Frisch demonstrates that bees communicate the whereabouts of food by means of a dance | |
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| 1928 |
| | | Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers a mould that selectively kills bacteria, and calls it penicillin | |
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| c. 1935 |
| | | The Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz describes his experiments on young geese, with their capacity to imprint on human beings | |
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| 1937 |
| | | German-born British scientist Hans Krebs discovers the biochemical cycle that becomes known by his name | |
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| c. 1948 |
| | | US psychologist B.F. Skinner trains laboratory rats to use their brains in his 'Skinnner box' | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Karl von Frisch demonstrates that bees make use of the polarized light of the sun to calculate direction | |
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